A 6-year-old boy fell and sustained a deep wound from a rusty nail that penetrated his thigh. His mother removed the nail and cleaned the wound with soap and water. The next morning, he had a temperature of 102°F, and his thigh was very painful and swollen. In the emergency room, crepitus (gas in the tissue) was noted. A Gram stain of exudate from the wound area revealed large gram-positive rods. Which one of the following is the MOST likely cause?

  •  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  •   Actinomyces israelii
  •   Clostridium perfringens
  •  Clostridium tetani
  •   Nocardia asteroides